Carboxylic Acid Functional Group


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Carboxylic Acid Functional Group

Carboxylic Acids or Fatty Acids : -

Carboxylic acids are a class of organic compounds which contain carboxyl group (- COOH) as the functional group. This group is structurally represented as COOH. Thus, carboxyl group is a conmination of the carbonyl (-CO) and the hydroxyl (-OH) groups.

Formely, higher members of the carboxylic acids were obtained from fats. Hence, these acids are also called fatty acids.

Classification of Carboxylic Acids : -

Carboxylic acids are classified according to the number of carboxyl groups present in a molecule of the acid. The acids containing a single carboxyl group in their molecules are known as monocarboxylic acids, while those containing two carboxylic groups are called dicarboxylic acids.

Monocarboxylic acids : - HCOOH

                                         Formic acid

 

Dicarboxylic acids : (COOH)_2            (CH_2COOH)_2

                                      Oxalic acid                 Succcinic acid

Nomenclature of Monocarboxylic Acids : -

1.  Common names : - Common names of monocarboxylic acids have originated from the Latin or the Greek names of the sources from which the acids are obtained.

Formula Occurrence Latin or Greek names of the source Name of acid
1.  HCOOH Ants Ants are called formica in Latin formic acid
2.  CH_3COOH Vinegar Vinegar is called acetum in Latin acetic acid
3.  CH_3CH_2CH_2COOH Butter Butter is called butyrum in Latin butyric acid
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Sample Questions
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Question : 1

Which of the following are correct :

(a) Formic acid is produced from the sting of an Ant .

(b) Acetic acid is the scientific name of Vinegar.

Right Option : C
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Question : 2

Which of the following are correct :

(a) Carboxylic acids are a class of organic compounds which contain carboxyl group (- COOH) as the functional group.

(b) Higher members of the carboxylic acids were obtained from fats,  are also called fatty acids.

(c) Butyric acid is the scientific name of Butter.

Right Option : D
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Question : 3

Which of the following acid is the scientific name of Vinegar ?

Right Option : B
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